Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

A common and potentially life-threatening condition that can be seen in vascular surgery is the formation of blood clots in the veins called a deep venous thrombosis or DVT. DVT occurs when blood clots form in the deep veins, typically in the legs, obstructing the flow of blood back to the heart. While anyone can be affected by this condition, certain risk factors, such as immobility, surgery, pregnancy, prolonged travel on planes or in a car, and certain medical conditions, can increase the likelihood of developing DVT. Awareness of its symptoms, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are essential in managing this condition.

Identifying the signs of DVT is crucial, as early intervention can prevent complications. The symptoms of DVT may include swelling, pain, warmth, and redness in the affected leg. However, it's important to note that not all individuals with DVT will experience noticeable symptoms. Furthermore, DVT can sometimes progress without warning, leading to a life-threatening condition called pulmonary embolism, where a clot travels to the lungs. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if any suspicious signs arise.

Diagnosing DVT involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. Ultrasound imaging is commonly used to visualize the veins and detect any clot formation. If DVT is confirmed, prompt treatment is crucial to prevent the clot from enlarging or breaking off and causing complications. Treatment typically involves anticoagulant medications, commonly known as blood thinners, which prevent further clot formation and reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism. In certain cases, more aggressive interventions like clot-dissolving medications or surgical procedures may be necessary.

In addition to medication, supportive therapy plays a vital role in managing DVT. Compression stockings are often recommended to improve blood flow in the legs, reduce swelling, and alleviate discomfort. Leg elevation can also help reduce swelling by facilitating the return of blood to the heart. Furthermore, regular exercise, as advised by healthcare professionals, can promote circulation and prevent blood pooling in the lower extremities. Engaging in activities such as walking or gentle leg exercises can be beneficial, but it's important to consult a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate level of exercise based on individual circumstances.

Deep venous thrombosis is a condition that should not be taken lightly. Recognizing the risk factors and being aware of the symptoms is crucial for early detection and intervention. If you experience any signs of DVT or are at increased risk, it is strongly recommended to seek evaluation by a vascular provider. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, coupled with supportive therapies like compression stockings, leg elevation, and exercise, can significantly reduce the risk of complications and ensure a healthy and well-functioning circulatory system. 

***Attention: Please keep in mind that VSA has full service vascular labs at all locations with the ability to accommodate same day emergency DVT scans/testing.  If you have any of the signs mentioned in this blog, please call 855-648-9982 for scheduling between 8am-4:30pm, Monday-Friday.

Author

Peter Mackrell, MD Peter Mackrell, MD, FACS, is a board-certified vascular surgeon at Vascular Surgery Associates, LLC, serving patients in Ellicott City, Towson, and Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. Mackrell joined the practice in 2003.